狗 Dogs.
人類最好的朋友 Man's best friend.
但我們真的瞭解我們這些最忠誠的伴侶嗎? But do we really know ourfaithful companions?
他們如何看他們的世界? How they see their world?
他們又如何看待我們? What they really think of us?
在這部影片中, 我們會見識到狗的第六感 In this film, we'll meet dogs that seem to have a sixth sense.
是麥克斯告訴我我得了乳腺癌的 I knew I'd got breast cancer because Max had told me.
不變的忠誠 Undying loyalty.
那隻狗救了我的命 因此它獲得了維多利亞十字勳章 That dog saved my life and for that he won the Victoria Cross.
驚人的直覺 Incredible intuition.
我沒教她去做這事 但她自己就做了 I've not taught her to do it, she's just done it.
我們將跟隨一隻成長中的幼犬的生活 We'll follow the life of a growing puppy.
它可以是任何一隻狗 而且很多狗都扮演著這個角色 It could be any dog. And in fact, many dogs will play this role.
但看它成長 But by watching it develop,
我們將揭示所有狗的不為人知的能力 we'll reveal the hidden abilities in all dogs.
近幾年來 科學家對犬類精神和生理 In the last few years, scientists have delved deeper than ever before
進行了前所未有的深刻探索 into the canine mind and body,
結果也是非常驚人的 and the results are extraordinary.
你再不會用曾經的眼光去看待它 The way you see dogs will never be the same again.
每秒鐘都有一隻小狗誕生在這個世界 A puppy is born every second somewhere in the world.
就在數分鐘前 這一窩小狗又多了個小妹妹 And just moments ago, this litter was joined by a sister.
這就是我們的主角 Our puppy.
她不到一磅重 She weighs under a pound
且格外脆弱 and is remarkably vulnerable.
她生下來是看不見的 She's born blind
在生命最初的兩周內 她的耳朵也是閉合著的 and her ears are sealed closed for the first two weeks of her life
因為它們還在發育 它們太過脆弱 現在不能打開 as they're still developing and are too fragile to be exposed.
她也無法控制自己的體溫 She can't control her own temperature,
所以她完全依靠母親的溫度 so she's totally reliant on the warmth of her mum.
其實 她是個早產兒 In essence, she's premature.
為什麼小狗生下來都那麼小 沒法自己生存呢 So why are puppies born too small to survive on their own?
小狗越小 意味著一窩的數量越高 Well, the smaller the puppy, the larger the litter.
而且只要有母親的保護 And as long as they have their mother's protection,
它們大多都能活下來 more of them will survive.
再加上小狗們身體內有那麼多奇異的不為人知的技能 Combine this with the amazing abilities hidden inside our puppies
你就會知道為什麼他們在這個世界上 and you begin to see why dogs have become so successful
是多麼的成功 all over the world.
如今 狗被培育成各種形態 體積 和品種 Today dogs are found in more shapes, sizes and varieties
遠勝這星球上的其它哺乳動物 than any other mammal on the planet.
今天 大約有五億隻狗活在這世界上 There are some 500 million dogs alive today
有超過400個已知品種 and over 400 recognised breeds.
我們對它們太熟悉了 They're so familiar to us,
以至於忘記了它們有多麼不凡 we can forget how extraordinary they are.
甚至是最基本的抖毛動作 Even the simple act of shaking off water
也隱藏著驚人的技巧 hides a spectacular technique.
你放慢一千倍看 When you slow it down a thousand times,
你會發現狗的頭轉了整整一百八十度 you can see the head turns a full 180 degrees.
產生的角動量 This kickstarts a rotational momentum
旋轉整個身體 that corkscrews down the body.
快速將水從被毛中排出 免於受寒 Expelling water from their fur quickly so they don't get cold.
如果你被一隻抖毛的狗淋得濕透 If you've ever been drenched by a dog,
你就知道這個技術是多麼高效 you'll know how efficient this technique is.
他們的生理技能是非常卓越的 Their physical abilities may be remarkable,
但它們與我們的關係 but it's their relationship with us
才是它們最成功的地方 that lies at the heart of their success.
我們訓練它們 它們為我們狩獵 We've trained them so that they'll hunt for us,
保衛家園 聽令尋回 以及放牧家畜 guard our homes, retrieve on command and herd our livestock.
但這段關係中 它們也施展著自己的魔力 But they also bring their own magic to this partnership.
看起來狗瞭解我們的需求 想要幫助我們 Dogs seem to understand our needs and have a desire to help us out.
我從沒教她這麼做 她就那麼做了 I've not taught her to do it, she's just done it.
傑絲 過來 這裡 Jess, come here. Here.
坐下吧 坐下 Sit down, then. Sit.
坐下 Sit.
傑絲是一隻十歲的史賓格獵犬 幫助路易斯·莫爾豪斯 Jess is a ten-year-old springer spaniel that helps Louise Moorhouse
在她位於德文郡的農場工作 with the daily workings of her farm in Devon.
你叫她做什麼 她就做什麼 Anything you ask her to do, she'll do it.
她樂於幫人搭把手 或者說搭把爪 什麼事都行 And she just lends her hand - or her paw - basically to anything.
母羊產仔的季節 傑絲不僅幫助路易斯帶奶瓶 In lambing season, Jess not only carries the milk bottles for Louise
她自己也能給沒媽的小羊餵奶 but she helps feed the orphaned lambs herself.
她超越了自己的本能 She's overriding her natural instinct
沒有去追逐甚至吃掉小羊 to chase or even eat the lamb.
她只是一個得力的幫手 真的 She's just an extra pair of hands, really.
我覺得她這麼做是因為她是和這些羊一起長大的 I think she does it because she's grown up with the sheep
可能她覺得她是這個大家庭的一員 and I think she probably thinks they're part of her family.
這是這種取悅的渴望成就了這段持久的關係 It's this willingness to please that has led to an enduring partnership.
有時候她也會想一個普通的狗那樣 Some days, she's just like a normal dog,
根本不聽話 you know, not listening at all.
但其他時候 說實話 大部分時候 But other days, to be honest, and most days,
我都不怎麼像對狗一樣對她 I don't really treat her as a dog.
我待她有如最好的朋友 真的 I think I treat her as my best friend, really.
這段關係的開頭形成於 And the first stages of this relationship are formed
這些狗最可愛的時候 when dogs are at their most loveable.
回到我們的小狗這裡來 Back with our puppy,
她才剛開始對她的週遭有所意識 and she's only just beginning to be aware of her surroundings.
出生時兩周內閉合著的眼睛和耳朵 Her eyes and ears that were closed for the first two weeks of her life
現在都打開了 are now opening.
這帶來全新的感官刺激 And with this comes a whole new world of sensory stimulation.
她用她的視力四處爬動 She uses her vision to move around,
但她看世界的方式是否和我們一樣? but does she see the world the same way we do?
狗是色弱的 Well, dogs are colour blind.
但這並不意味著一切都是黑白的 But that doesn't mean that everything is black and white.
她能看見色彩 不過大多數都是藍色和黃色 She does see colour, but mostly just blues and yellows.
因為她只有兩種顏色接收器 It's because she only has two types of colour receptors
而人類有三種 compared to humans, who have three.
這也是為什麼狗在青草地上的時候 And it's also why your dog will often ignore
常常會忽略橙色的玩具 an orange toy in the green grass,
因為藍色和橙色對它們來說是一樣的 as those colours look the same to them.
所以最好給它們藍色的東西 Better to give them something blue.
不過得要物體動的時候才行 But it's when things are moving that her vision comes into its own.
狗的眼睛處理信號過程比我們快多了 Dogs' eyes process what they see more quickly than we do.
它們看到的簡直就是慢動作 It's almost like they see in slow motion.
這就是為什麼它們總能準確地接住飛盤 That's why they're always in the right place to catch the frisbee.
狗的聽力也是超過人類的 A dog's hearing is also superhuman.
它們可以聽到的距離是我們的四倍 They can hear things four times further away
音高是我們的兩倍 and twice as high pitched as we can.
這也是為什麼我們聽不見狗的私語 It's why we can't hear dog whistles.
不過這也意味著它們能聽見光的低吟 But it also means they can hear the hum of lights
甚至是數顯時鐘裡石英晶體的脈衝聲 and even the pulsing sound of a quartz crystal in a digital clock.
但還有一項感官 她用得比其它都多 But there's one sense she'll use more than any other.
她的嗅覺 Her sense of smell.
狗的大腦體積是我們的十分之一 A dog's brain is one tenth the size of ours,
但控制嗅覺的部分卻是我們的四十倍 but the part that controls smell is 40 times larger.
它們鼻子裡有超過三億嗅腺 They have up to 300 million scent glands in their nose
而我們只有五百萬 compared to our five million.
別跟自己開玩笑 So don't kid yourself,
哪怕你的狗沒看見 你也不可能藏得住一隻骨頭 you can't hide a bone from your dog just because it's out of sight.
狗的鼻子太靈敏了 A dog's nose is so sensitive,
它甚至可以聞到很久以前的發生的事的氣味 it can even smell events from the distant past.
我們揭開狗的秘密世界 We're unravelling the secret world of dogs.
我們的小狗已經四周大了 Our puppy's four weeks old
她正忙於探索她的家 and she's busy exploring her home.
但和我們方式不同 But not like we would.
我們用雙眼巡視四周 We look around with our eyes.
她用鼻子 She looks around with her nose.
這也是為什麼一隻健康的狗 鼻子總是濕的 It's why a healthy dog likes to keep its nose wet.
這可以最大數量地感知 This maximises the number of scent molecules
空氣中的氣體分子 it can observe from the air.
它們的鼻子 就是它們的超能力 Their nose is their superpower.
非常卓越 它們可以聞到很久以前的氣味 It's so powerful, they can smell well into the distant past.
我們看一隻狗進入新環境 When we watch a dog enter a new environment,
看起來就和我們一樣 it looks like they just walk in the same way we would.
但如果你從它們的角度看這個世界 But when you see the world from their perspective,
你就會發現它們正用鼻子 you realise they're picking up all the information they need
採集所有它們需要的信息 with their noses.
不僅僅是能嗅聞出 Not only can they smell objects
曾在某處後來被清理掉的物體 that were there and have now been cleaned away...
它們的感官太靈敏了 事情發生數天 數周 甚至數月 ..their senses are so keen, they can smell events
它們仍然能夠聞出來 days, weeks, even months after they've happened.
所以只要有一點點它們能吃的食物留在那裡 So they'll know if there might just be
它們都能知道 a bit of food left behind that they could eat.
這些都是狗的本能 This all comes naturally to a dog.
但如果你對這種濕漉漉 抽著鼻子找東西吃的技能加以訓練 But when you train this wet, snuffly food-finding ability,
結果就是可以救人性命 the results can save lives.
好孩子 加油 Good boy. Go on!
這些狗都很高效 The dogs are very, very efficient.
它們差不多等同於十個人的搜索力量 They're probably equal to about ten people searching.
麥克斯是一隻野外空氣追蹤犬 Max is a wilderness air scenting dog
它被訓練來追蹤人的氣味 and he's trained to pick up human scent
然後為它的訓練師阿歷克斯·里昂搜尋失蹤者 so he can find missing people for his handler Alex Lyons.
無論我們是否喜歡 我們都擁有氣味 We all smell, whether we like it or not,
我們的氣味會被風攜帶 and our scent gets carried in the wind
他就被訓練用這種方式來定位 and that's what he's trained to locate.
它興奮的時候 又沒辦法適當地叫出來 He gets that excited, he can't bark properly,
他就會衝我哈哈哈 so he gives me a 'huff-huff' thing.
麥克斯是這個國家 Max is one of the most successful search and rescue dogs
最成功的搜救犬之一 in the country.
他知道他再做什麼 是不是呀 He knows what he's doing. Don't you?
像麥克斯這樣的狗真的作用巨大 Dogs like Max can really make a difference
當所有希望都喪失的時候 when all reasonable hope has been lost.
我去埃克塞特購物 然後坐公交車回家 I had been to Exeter to do shopping and I came home on the bus
我按鈴停車 但車沒停 and I rang the bell to stop at the green and it didn't.
車帶我到了很遠的奎科農場 And it took me on further up here to Quick's Farm.
我跟司機說 And I said to the driver,
沒問題的 我就在這裡下吧 "It's all right, I can get off here,
穿過植物園我就能回去了 go through the arboretum and I'm back."
但我進了植物園以後我就迷路了 But I got in the arboretum, I couldn't find my way out.
七十九歲的瑪格麗特·哈佛森並沒考慮到 79-year-old Margaret Haverson hadn't considered
這片樹林已經荒廢達四十多年 that the woodland had been neglected for over 40 years
草木瘋長 and was completely overgrown.
我被荊棘掛住了 I get tied up with the brambles and that.
到處都是荊棘 This was all covered in brambles.
天漸漸變冷變暗 And then it got cold and dark and that,
我在一棵大樹下休息 也許就是那一棵 so I laid under a big tree, which could have been that one,
很大的一棵樹 but it was a big tree.
瑪格麗特在樹下呆了三個白天和兩個刺骨寒冷的夜晚 Margaret lay under that tree for three days and two frozen nights
警察 志願者 while the police force, volunteers
甚至裝有熱跟蹤攝像機的直升機 and even helicopters with heat-seeking cameras
對這片區域進行爬梳 希望找到她 combed the area trying to locate her.
是的 我凍僵了 Yes, and I was frozen.
麥克斯被召過去 看狗鼻子是否能夠在悲劇發生前 So Max was called in to see if a dog's nose could succeed
做到其他方法都失敗了的事 where everything else had failed and before it was too late.
說實話 我都沒指望瑪格麗特能活下來 To tell you the truth, I was not expecting to find Margaret alive.
我想她可能會凍死在這種天氣裡 Because of the weather, I thought she would have died of hypothermia.
我開始發困 Then I kept dozing off and on
知道你來找到了我 until you came and found me.
你來找到了我 是的 麥克斯找到了你 不是嗎 Or you came and found me. Yeah, Max found you. Didn't you?
你是個好孩子 真是個好孩子 You were a good boy, you were.
人力失敗後 麥克斯的鼻子埋入地下 Where humans had failed, Max's nose cut through the undergrowth
拯救了瑪格麗特的生命 and saved Margaret's life.
被一隻狗舔了一遍之後 我又冷 又輕鬆 I was very cold and very relieved when I was licked all over by a dog.
他是那麼歡脫 對吧 He was so happy. Weren't you?
當然 你是好孩子 是個好孩子 Of course, you're good, aren't you? Yeah. Good boy.
好孩子 You're good.
我們這一窩小狗現在五周大了 Our litter of pups are now five weeks old
它們變得愈發愛冒險 and they're becoming more adventurous.
到處嘗試可以用他們牙齒毀滅掉的東西 Testing what they can destroy with their teeth
或者找架打 and who they can and can't pick fights with.
但總體上 它們在做的都是在探索自己作為一隻狗是怎樣的 But above all, they're discovering what it means to be a dog.
簡單的兩隻小狗嬉戲都揭示著它們野外祖先的遺傳 Simple play between two puppies reveals the wild ancestors within.
狩獵本能 The hunting instinct.
主導行為和順從行為 The dominant and submissive behaviours
它們對於生活至關重要 that are essential to pack life.
因為所有狗的祖先都可追溯到狼 This is because all dogs can trace their ancestry back to the wolf.
如果所有狗都來自同一個品種 So if all dogs came from one species,
那為什麼它們如今擁有如此眾多的形態和體積? then how did they end up to be so many different shapes and sizes?
我們剛開始馴化狗的時候 When we first domesticated dogs,
我們去掉了一些野性的行為 we bred out some of the wild behaviours,
而這種過程意外地觸發了新的特徵 and this process accidently led to new characteristics.
多彩的被毛 卷尾 和垂耳 Coloured coats, curly tails and floppy ears.
經過數千年培育 我們又加入了我們喜歡的東西在裡面 Add a few thousand years of breeding from the dogs we love the most
所以就跟我們今天看到的狗大相逕庭了 and you have the huge variety that we see today.
理論上說 任何兩隻狗都可以交配 In theory, any dog can mate with any other dog,
但現實並不是這樣 but practicalities get in the way.
如果人類之間的差別大到如巴哥和聖伯納 If humans were as different as a pug and a St Bernard,
那我們的身高差別就可以從六十厘米到九米 then our heights would range from two to 31 feet tall.
但有一樣是狗共有的 But there's one thing that just about every dog does.
吠叫 Bark.
它們為什麼要吠叫? So why do they bark?
這吠叫是從哪裡來的呢 Where does it come from?
狼是不吠叫的 Wolves don't bark.
它們嗥叫 They howl.
有些科學家認為吠叫演化出來是出於人類自身利益 Some scientists think that barking has evolved just for our benefit.
那這說明它們是在和我們說話嗎 So does this mean that they're talking to us?
如果是的話 它們在說什麼呢 And if so, what are they saying?
它們看起來好像聽得懂我們的話 They seem to understand our words.
挖呀 挖呀 Dig, dig.
來 說話 好孩子 Come on, speak. (BARKS) Good boy.
狗真的可以通過吠叫和我們說話嗎? But can dogs really talk to us by barking?
我覺得沒有人真正懂狗的語言 I don't think anybody ever understands a dog.
它們能聽懂你的話 但我不認為你懂狗的話 They understand you. I don't think you ever understand a dog.
我們來看看狗主人能不能聽懂 Let's see if these owners can understand
這些不同的吠叫的含義 what different barks mean.
把這些東西放在狗身上 她可能說的比我還好 Put them on the dog. She'd probably be able to tell better than me.
好了 OK.
聽不見 Can't hear a thing.
不是很高興 It's unhappy.
它想加入進來 很沮喪 It wants attention. It's frustrated.
我想想它被牽到一片開放的場地 I visualise him in an open space on a lead
它想離開 去別的地方 或者去找什麼人 and he wants to be off and to go to somewhere or somebody.
聽起來很歡脫 It sounds quite a happy bark.
有點像是在玩 It sounds as if it's playing.
對我來說聽起來像是你正朝一隻狗扔球 To me, that sounds like you're just about to throw a ball for the dog
就是那麼興奮 and there's that level of excitement.
它在你身邊跑來跑去 It's running all around you.
狗早已被證實 It's been identified that dogs can communicate
它們可以用吠叫來向我們傳達至少六種感情 at least six different emotions to us through their barks.
這是為什麼我知道你在想什麼 That's why I know what you're thinking.
這證明了狗可以用吠叫說話 不是嗎 That just proves, doesn't it, that dogs can talk by barking.
回到我們正在長大的小狗這裡 Back with our growing puppy.
她還沒想試著和我們交流 She's not trying to communicate with us just yet.
小狗們才五周大 剛學會走路 Only five weeks old, the puppies are still finding their feet
正慢慢學會脫離母親 and slowly gaining independence from their mother.
它們的興趣暫時從牛奶轉向了水 Milk is replaced with a first tentative interest in water.
狗的舌尖有專為水設計的味蕾 The tip of a dog's tongue has tastebuds just for water.
它們引發對水的需求 They create a desire to drink
這是很重要的 因為它們的天然食譜 肉 都是高鹽分的 which is important, as their natural diet of meat is high in salt.
但簡單的喝水過程 也遠比看起來複雜 But even the simple act of drinking is more complicated than it looks.
狗捲起舌頭 伸到水裡 Dogs curve their tongue into the water
製造出一個很大的接觸水的表面積 to create a large surface area to stick the water to.
然後拉起來拉到嘴裡 They pull it up into their mouth,
在水逃離之前閉上嘴巴 snapping it shut before all the water escapes.
這簡單的每日必需 It's a surprisingly complex and beautiful process
是一個極度複雜又美麗的過程 for such a simple daily requirement.
當然這也是狗每次喝水都弄得一團糟的原因 And it's also why dogs make such a mess when they're drinking.
小狗睡覺時間比醒著的時間長 和人類小孩一樣 Puppies sleep far more than they are awake, just like human babies.
探索新世界之後筋疲力盡 Exhausted from a world of new experiences,
它們都進入深深的夢鄉 they fall into a deep slumber.
看起來它們好像夢見在追兔子 It looks like they're dreaming about chasing rabbits.
還是只有人類才會這樣? But is that just our human sentiments getting in the way?
狗是做夢的 Dogs do dream
通過監控它們的腦電波 科學家發現 and by monitoring their brain waves, scientists have found out
小狗做夢比成年狗多多了 that puppies dream far more than adult dogs.
甚至 狗可以夢見白天發生的事 They can even tell that dogs dream about the day's events,
操縱它們的記憶 processing their memories.
看起來像是很忙啊 Looks like it's been quite a busy day.
未來是怎樣的呢 But what will the future hold?
兩周後 我們的小狗 A fortnight later and our puppy's arrived
來到了世界上最先進的工作狗中心之一 at one of the world's most high-tech specialist dog centres.
她來到這裡是看她是否有 She's here to find out if she has what it takes
成為國內最成功的尋回犬之一的潛力 to make it as one of the most sought-after dogs in the country.
我們揭開狗的秘密生活 We're revealing the secret life of dogs.
現在我們的小狗七周大了 是評估她是否可以成為 Now seven weeks old, our puppy is at the perfect age
最好的受訓工作狗之一 to assess whether she has the qualities
的最佳年齡 to be one of the most highly-trained working dogs.
她是否合適 健康 或者聰明 Is she fit, healthy, intelligent -
或這些好的特點全都有 and above all the right character -
使其能夠成為一個導盲犬呢? to be a guide dog for the blind?
第一項測試是看她 The first test is to see how she'll respond
不熟悉的 有點嚇人的聲音時候的反應 to an unfamiliar, slightly scary sound.
她應當有所反應又沒有恐懼 She should react but not panic.
非常好 Very good.
坐下仔細看 Sat and watched that really intently.
最關鍵的特徵是忠誠 The most crucial trait is loyalty,
無論何時何地都看著她的主人 looking to her owner at all times and in all situations.
小狗 Puppy!
小狗 過來 Puppy, come on.
好的 非常好 There we are. That's really good.
看起來她找到了 And it seems like she's got what it takes.
你也許想知道你的狗是不是也可以成為一隻導盲犬 You might wonder if your dog could qualify to be a guide dog.
你可以觀察它們來得知這一點 You can get an idea by observing them.
研究表明 狗是左撇子 或者右撇子 Research has shown that dogs are left- or right-pawed.
你是左撇子 對不對呀麥克斯 Are you a left-footer, Max? Eh?
你是左撇子 對吧 Is you a left-footer? No?
你可以簡單測試一下 You can test this by watching closely
就看它先邁哪只腳 to see which paw they step off with.
我覺得那是右腳先出去 I think that was a right foot start.
這裡 是的 她是左撇子 對不對 Here. Yeah, she's left-footed, isn't she?
你是左撇子 You're left-handed.
好的 我們走 OK, let's go.
我們在那個無偏測試中已經證明了 I think we've proven there, in that unbiased test,
他是右腳先邁出去 that it was his right foot that came forward.
初步研究顯示 右撇子狗 Preliminary research has shown that right-pawed dogs
通過導盲犬測試的數量更多 are statistically more likely to pass their guide dog test.
你會讓他們被車壓死的 對不對 You'd get them run over by the bus, you would, wouldn't you?
還有一個可能的因素是 There's another clue to the chances of them passing
它們毛上的旋兒 in the swirls of hair on your dog.
那取決於它們是哪個方向的 And it all depends which way they turn.
順時針 Clockwise.
逆時針 Anti-clockwise.
如果你的狗是有撇子 並且旋兒是逆時針 If your dog is right-pawed and the swirl goes anti-clockwise,
那你的狗基本上就是比較安靜和自信 then your dog is more likely to be calm, confident and self-assured -
這正是導盲犬需要的特點 exactly the traits that a guide dog needs.
你想做一隻導盲犬嗎 你可以做個導盲犬哦 Do you want to be a guide dog? You could be a blind dog for the Guides.
如果你的狗是左撇子 And if your dog is left-pawed,
做好解決它們小毛病的準備吧 be prepared for some creative solutions to your problems.
回到我們小狗身上 Back with our puppy,
她加入了一群准導盲犬的隊伍 and she's joined a group of other potential guide dogs.
你知道嗎 她也是又撇子 And what do you know? She's also right-pawed.
訓練還有一年才結束 There's still a year of training to complete,
但現在她可以盡情地玩 but for now she can have fun.
我們訓練狗為我們工作 We've trained dogs for thousands of years to work with us,
駕馭它們無與倫比的身體技能 已有千年歷史 harnessing their incredible physical abilities.
哈士奇就是它們中最好的例子之一 And the husky is one of the best there is.
它們是超級運動員 They're superb athletes.
在溫度零下的情況下每天可以跑超過十六萬米 Able to run for over 100 miles a day in sub-zero temperatures.
而且它們熱愛奔跑 And they love it.
它們擁有兩層厚厚的被毛 They have a coat of fur two layers thick
隔絕寒冷 that insulates them from the cold.
即便在零下六十度的期穩中 它們也不會凍傷 Even at -60, they won't get frostbite.
當它們需要冷卻下來時 和其他狗一樣 它們喘息 And when they need to cool down, like all dogs, they pant.
用熱成像攝像機看這些哈士奇 By looking at these huskies with a thermal camera,
我們能看見它們的嘴巴和舌頭是白色的 we can see that their mouths and tongues are white
熱量正從它們體內排出 with the heat that they're expelling from their body core.
這表示你的狗跑步之後喘息 And it means that when your dog is panting after a run,
並非只是累了 而是在冷卻 she's not puffed out, she's just cooling down.
這是狗散熱的主要方式 It's a dog's main method of losing heat.
因為它們全身覆蓋被毛 As they're covered in fur,
唯一能夠流汗的地方是腳爪 the only place they can really sweat is through their paws.
狗從人類記事起 Dogs have been our working companions
就是我們的工作夥伴 for as long as we can remember.
我們用矮腿獵犬的鼻子幫我們搜尋獵物 We've used the basset hound's nose to sniff out prey;
用羅特韋爾犬幫我們看家護院 the Rottweiler's strength for guarding our homes;
用阿富汗獵犬的輕巧和速度來追逐 the Afghan's sight and speed to give chase;
將哈士奇的耐力用於極端環境 and the husky's endurance in extreme environments.
但在最初的時候 But from the very beginning,
我們也選擇用以觀賞和作伴的狗 we've also chosen dogs that are cute and give us comfort.
無論什麼體型 And no matter what the size,
狗都是由衷地去做那些工作的 dogs have worked their way into our hearts.
這是一種強烈的情感紐帶 It's a strong emotional bond.
也是我們這只正在迅速成長的小狗所開始探尋的東西 And one that our rapidly growing puppy is just beginning to discover.
現在她九周大了 第一次走入她的新家 Now nine weeks old, she's taking her first steps into her new home
和一段新的關係 and a very special new relationship.
這個家庭會在她成為導盲犬之前 This is the family who will raise her
一直養著她 until she's ready to be a guide dog.
在這裡她將學會如何與人共同生活 It's here that she'll learn to live with people.
這也是過渡的最佳時機 And it's the perfect time for this transition.
在生命中這段最關鍵的時期 At this key stage in their life,
狗最好是和人作伴 而不是和別的狗 puppies actually prefer to go to human companions than other dogs.
當小狗像嬰兒一樣用大大的眼睛看著你 When a puppy holds our gaze with its big eyes and infant-like features,
我們的大腦會有所反應 it causes our brain to react
就好像我們在看一個人類嬰兒 as though we're looking at a human baby.
但你想過它們在想什麼嗎? But have you ever wondered what they're thinking?
有時候狗用那麼善解人意的眼神看我們 Sometimes dogs look at us with such knowing eyes,
但它們真的對它們的感覺有意識嗎 but do they really know how they feel?
它們能讀懂你此時的心情 They can read what sort of mood you're in.
它們可以知道你今天過得怎麼樣 They're somebody who can understand how you're feeling in a day,
你是否不高興 whether you're feeling upset.
我受傷的時候 不開心的時候 它們都知道 They know when I'm hurting, they know when I'm sad, and...
我百分百確定它懂我 ..yeah, 100% I think they understand me.
狗看我們的時候好像知道發生了什麼 Dogs definitely look at us like they know what's up.
一項測試表明這是真的 And tests have shown that there's truth in this.
人類本能地看別人的左半邊臉來讀取情緒 Humans naturally look to the left hand side of someone's face
因為那是流露我們感情的地方 to read their mood, as that's where we display our emotions.
狗是少數幾種知道這一點的物種之一 Dogs are one of the few other species that have picked up on this,
它們也這麼做 來辨別我們現在感覺如何 and they also do it to tell how we're feeling.
當狗努力取悅你的時候 誰能抵擋得住? Who can resist a dog when it's trying to cheer you up?
對有些人來說 這種不可抗拒的喜愛 For some people, this irresistible affection
改變了它們的生活 has transformed their lives.
艾倫·帕頓是一名海軍軍官 Navy officer Allen Parton suffered a severe head injury
海灣戰爭時頭部受傷 while on active duty in the Gulf War.
使其受制於輪椅 無法說話 It left him confined to a wheelchair, unable to talk,
也是其失去了小半生的記憶 and he lost half of his life's memories.
我沒法記得我孩子第一次邁出去的那一步 I can't remember my children's first steps,
他們第一天去上學 他們出生 their first days at school, their being born.
那些場合我都在 And I was there for all those occasions,
但很不幸這些記憶被奪走了 but sadly those are memories robbed of me.
更不幸的是 艾倫沒法認出他的孩子們 But more than this, Allen didn't even recognise his children.
他也不知道他現在與自己結婚的女人是誰 He had no idea who the lady was that he had apparently married,
他也喪失了感知情緒的能力 and he lost the ability to feel any emotion.
康復期間我兩次試圖自殺 I had two attempts at suicide in rehabilitation
因為我失去了過去 也失去了未來 because I'd lost my past, I'd lost my future
精神狀況和身體狀況一樣壞 and really in a psychologically bad place, as well as physically.
直到我遇到一隻叫恩戴爾的狗 But that all changed with a chance encounter with a dog named Endal,
它受訓成為協助狗但失敗了 who was failing his training to be an assistant's dog
亟需一個家 and needed a home.
那時候 那個一歲的拉布拉多 At the time there was this one-year-old Labrador up there
健康和心態都有問題 that had health problems and a huge attitude problem.
上帝保佑他 他在我輪椅下面的地板上發現了什麼東西 And bless him, he saw something on the floor by my wheelchair,
他小跑穿過訓練中心 撿起它來 放在我膝上 trotted across the training centre, picked it up and put it in my lap.
但他沒有得到任何反應 獎勵 或理解 He didn't get a reaction, a treat or acknowledged
這令他很失望 and this really hacked him off.
這隻狗沒有為任何人做過任何事 This was the dog that didn't do anything for anyone
但他為我做了 而且他想要得到獎勵 and he'd done it for me and he wanted a treat, a reward,
讚揚 什麼的 但他碰壁了 praise, anything, and he got the stone wall.
他又慢跑到模擬超市 Then he trotted over to the mock-up supermarket,
從架上取下一個罐頭 放在我膝上 也沒得到反應 took a tin off the shelf, put it in my lap, didn't get a reaction.
簡而言之 我消失在一堆東西底下 To cut a long story short, I was disappearing under a mound of stuff
我的大腦瞬間打開之後 我徹底消失了 and just before I completely disappeared, the brain switched on
很長一段時間內我第一次微笑起來 and I smiled for the first time in a long time.
這是我們關係的開始 And it was the start of our relationship.
恩戴爾成了二十四小時陪護 Endal became his 24-hour companion,
在生活各種實踐方面幫助他 aiding with every practical aspect of his life.
他甚至幫助了艾倫重新聯繫他的家庭 He even helped Allen reconnect with his family
2002年 艾倫和妻子復婚 伴郎是恩戴爾 and in 2002, Allen remarried his wife with Endal as his best man.
但真正讓這隻狗展現出它的忠誠 是在一個深夜 But this dog had to show his true devotion when, in the dead of night,
艾倫和恩戴爾同時被一輛車撞了 Allen and Endal were both hit by a car.
儘管我我被拋出輪椅 失去意識 But though I was knocked unconscious out of the wheelchair
恩戴爾也被車撞昏了 and Endal had been stunned by the vehicle as well,
他爬起來 把我拉到復甦體位 he got up, pulled me into the recovery position,
他找回我輪椅下的毯子 he retrieved his blanket from under my wheelchair
幫我蓋上 and covered me with it.
黑暗中他找到了我丟失的手機 And in the dark he found my mobile phone, which had jettisoned off,
他把手機帶到我的臉跟前 然後做了一個勇敢的決定 and he brought it to my face and then he made the brave decision
他一瘸一拐地跑到附近的旅館 按響了警鈴 to limp off to a nearby hotel and raise the alarm.
因此他獲得了為英雄動物頒發的維多利亞十字勳章 And for that he won the Victoria Cross for Animal Bravery.
這隻狗救了我的性命 我的婚姻 That dog had saved my life, my marriage,
帶回了我的孩子 and brought me back to my children.
當初沒人想到恩戴爾會給艾倫的家庭 No one could have predicted the life-changing impact
帶來如此大的變化 that Endal would have had on Allen's family.
這是一種驚人的紐帶 和一個令人難以置信的生命 It was a remarkable bond and an incredible life.
但不可避免的 恩戴爾也老了 But inevitably age caught up with Endal.
我在家與恩戴爾度過了一個美妙的夜晚（譯者註：……） I'd had a lovely evening with Endal at home,
我知道獸醫明天會來 knowing the vet was coming the next day.
我能夠告訴他我多麼愛他 愛他為我做的一切 I was able to tell him how much I loved him, what he had done for me.
是的 那是一個非常動情的夜晚 Yeah, it was quite an emotional evening.
他給我的最後一件禮物 是悲傷 The final gift he gave me was that gift of sadness.
我不瞭解這種感情 但那天恩戴爾給了我 I didn't know that emotion, but that day Endal left me,
他在我膝上睡著 我心碎了 put to sleep in my lap, was the day that my heart broke
我哭了 是的 and I cried, yeah.
但有個小傢伙在角落裡 But there was a little guy in the corner
用嘴裡的手帕擦去我的眼淚 who was there with a hanky in his mouth to wipe away the tears.
他和恩戴爾在一起養過一年 He'd been nurturing alongside Endal for a year
那天他撿起指揮棒玩耍 and that day he picked up the baton and run with it.
好夥計 Good lad.
好孩子 Good boy.
有些人從外面來 Some people come up to me in the street
他們說他們想養隻狗 and they say they wish they had a dog
像恩戴爾或者EJ那樣的 其實我覺得他們有的 as clever as Endel or EJ is and I think they have.
他們只是沒有打開他們的意識和心靈 They just haven't opened their minds and hearts.
我們忠誠的朋友現在已經三個月大了 Our faithful friend is now three months old
她的導盲犬訓練真正要開始了 and her guide dog training is starting in earnest.
她在學習簡單的指令 比如聽到主人召喚就回來 She's learning simple commands, like returning to her owner's call
或者聽到指令就坐下 and sitting on request.
好姑娘 Good girl!
如果你要成為一隻導盲犬 All basic skills, but really rather important
這些技能都很基本 但都非常重要 if you're going to be a guide dog.
她也在表明 她和她家庭的紐帶正在愈發緊密 She's also showing signs that her bond with the family is growing.
舔臉或者親吻嘴唇 A lick of the face or a kiss on the lips
都表示真正的喜愛 definitely feels like true affection.
這證明你的狗看你如看她的母親 And this is proof that your dog is treating you like her mother,
因為這種行為最早源自小狗舔狗媽媽的嘴唇 as this behaviour originally comes from a puppy licking her mum's lips
獲得她反芻的食物 to get her to regurgitate her dinner.
好 Nice.
我們看一隻小狗長大 We've been watching a puppy grow,
現在她九個月了 馬上就要成年 and now that she's nine months old, she's just about full size.
但就如一個瘦瘦的少年 But like a lanky teenager,
她還不完全受控制 she's not totally in control of it all just yet.
她也進入了導盲犬訓練的下一階段 She's also taking the next steps in her guide dog training.
學習街道的景色 聲音 和氣味 Learning about strange sights, sounds and smells
最重要的是 和她的家庭建立紐帶 and most importantly, bonding with her family.
另一個親暱的表示是哈欠 Another sure sign of this attachment is a yawn.
原來 哈欠的傳染性 It turns out that the infectious nature of yawns
是移情的表示 is a sign of empathy.
所以如果你打哈欠 你的狗也打哈欠 So if you yawn and your dog yawns back,
就說明你們之間有著紐帶 it means you've got a good bond.
你有沒有想過為什麼和狗在一起那麼放鬆 Have you ever wondered why it's so relaxing to hang out with a dog?
這裡是位於倫敦的艾薇麗娜兒童醫院 This is the Evelina Children's Hospital in London.
麥吉是一隻普通狗 卻有著不普通的工作 And McGee is a normal dog with a very special job to do.
嘿 喬治 這是麥吉 Hey, George, it's McGee.
喬治一年前在聖誕前夜被醫院收治 George was admitted to hospital on Christmas Eve just over a year ago.
他有著斷裂隔膜 需要緊急手術 He had a ruptured diaphragm and needed drastic surgery.
後來的18個小時裡 他的父母都不知道他是否能活下去 For the next 18 hours, his parents didn't know if he would survive.
他現在很不錯 但這段時間裡他一直沒回家 He's doing well now, but he hasn't been home in all this time.
把餅乾給他 Give him that biscuit.
哦 孩子 他喜歡的 是的 Oh, boy, he liked that. Oh, yeah.
喬治最盼望 So the one thing George looks forward to
每週見一次麥吉 is this weekly visit from McGee.
但他得到的不僅僅是一個擁抱 But he gets a lot more out of it than just a cuddle.
他的親吻真好 Oh, he gives lovely kisses.
當我們愛撫一隻狗 我們覺得愉快和放鬆 When we stroke a dog, it makes us feel happy and relaxed.
實驗證明愛撫狗能降低血壓 Tests have shown that it lowers our blood pressure.
這是因為我們的身體釋放催產素到血管中去 This is because our bodies release oxytocin into our bloodstream,
和母親為孩子哺乳時分泌的激素是同一種 the same hormone produced when mothers breastfeed their babies.
這說明我們會感到一種安寧和溫暖的紐帶和連結 This means we'll feel the peaceful, warm sense of bonding and attachment
就像母親和新生兒一樣 that a mother would with her newborn child.
統計分析顯示 養狗的人壽命較長 Statistically, people live longer if they own dogs.
真好啊 是不是 麥吉 That's lovely, isn't it, McGee?
他們患心臟病的概率更小 They're less likely to have a heart attack
患了心臟病也更容易存活 and more likely to survive one.
這不用多久 不是嗎 That didn't take long, did it?
啊 他在親你 他好可愛 Ah, he's kissing you. He's so lovely.
好處是雙方的 But the benefits go both ways.
擁抱一隻狗 狗的血壓也會下降 Cuddle a dog and her blood pressure will also drop.
她甚至也會分泌催產素 She even produces the attachment hormone oxytocin,
所以她也會產生那種類似母與子之間的紐帶 so she's feeling that same bond that goes between a mother and her child.
但這樣特殊的連結能走多遠? But how far does this special connection go?
有些人甚至認為他們的狗有超自然能力 Some people think their dogs have almost supernatural powers.
有沒有可能在你準備帶狗出門之前 Is there any truth that they can sense
它們就能感覺到? when you're about to take them for a walk?
或者它們在你要暈倒之前就能預感到? Or predict when you're going to faint?
有沒有一些狗對我們的瞭解超過我們自己? Do some dogs really know us better than we know ourselves?
我們探索狗的秘密世界 As we explore the secret world of dogs,
我們發現他們有著驚人的技藝 we're discovering that they're capable of remarkable feats.
我們追尋的這隻小狗如今已經滿一歲了 The puppy we've been following is just over a year old.
她現在生活在導盲犬中心 She's now living at the Guide Dog Centre,
經受最嚴格的訓練 going through the toughest phase of her training yet.
她與人類建立了非常重要的紐帶 She's made the important bond with humans,
現在她必須將它使用起來 but now she must put it to practical use
做一些真正令人欽佩的事 and do something really impressive.
照顧一個看不見的 脆弱的主人 Looking after a blind, vulnerable handler
意味著要知道停在馬路邊緣 means knowing to stop at the edge of the road.
她在等待她的主人的需求 She's anticipating her handler's needs.
避開地上的障礙物 還有空中的 Avoiding obstacles on the ground, but also in the air.
她自己可以走過這個拱門的 She could walk right through this arch,
但她知道她的主人會撞到頭 but she knows that her blind handler would hit her head.
好姑娘 Good girl.
她做得怎麼樣? So how's she doing this?
它停下來觀察 It comes down to observation.
狗隨時注視著我們 用其他動物不曾有過的方式 Dogs watch us all the time in a way that no other animal does.
他感覺到我們要走了 He senses whenever we're going to go out
甚至在我們行動之前他就知道了 and he knows before we even make a move.
它們讀取我們的身體語言 They read our body language,
這就是它們如何知道我們要帶它們出去散步 and that's how they know we're going to take them for a walk,
甚至在我們自己還沒做決定的時候 before we think we've made the decisions ourselves.
這是一種恆定的觀察 It's this constant observation
有時候這給了它們第六感 that can sometimes appear to give them a sixth sense.
麥克斯是一個紅色牧羊串串 精力充沛 極具熱情 Max is a red collie cross, normally full of energy and enthusiasm.
但2008年的時候 他主人茂琳·伯恩斯發現他不對勁 But in 2008, his owner Maureen Burns noticed that something was wrong.
那時候我以為麥克斯老了 他九歲半了 I thought at the time Max was fading, he was nine and a half
我開始為失去他做準備了 and I was preparing myself for losing him
因為他那麼不開心 because he just wasn't happy.
不願意和我一起 不願意坐在我身邊 也不願意坐在我膝上 Wouldn't come with me, wouldn't sit by me, wouldn't sit on my lap.
還有些奇怪的舉動 And the odd signs.
他會用鼻子碰我的胸部 He would come up and touch my breast with his nose
然後退下 看起來很沮喪 and back off, so desperately unhappy,
用很哀傷的眼神看我 with such a sad look in his eyes.
茂琳胸部有一個小的腫塊 Maureen had a small lump in her breast
但她最近的乳房X線照片顯示是清晰的 所以她沒有在意 but her latest mammogram was clear so she presumed all was OK.
開始我以為只是很常見的乳房腫塊 Initially, I thought it's just another lumpy breast, as people get.
但後來我把它和狗還有狗的怪異舉動聯繫起來 But then I sort of connected it with the dog, with his odd behaviour.
有一天我在臥室裡照鏡子 And one day I was looking in the mirror in the bedroom here
我看到鏡中麥克斯的眼睛 and I looked across in the mirror at Max's eyes -
他在床上看著我 he was on the bed, as he is now -
然後我知道那是腫瘤 and I knew it was cancer.
茂琳去了當地的醫院 Maureen went to her local hospital
但掃瞄和X光都顯示陰性 but both a scan and a mammogram came back negative.
直到活組織檢查才確診是腫瘤 It took a surgical biopsy to finally detect the cancer.
茂琳切掉了腫瘤 Maureen had it removed
之後 麥克斯的變化幾乎是瞬間的 and the change in Max's behaviour was instant.
我從醫院回來的那天 The day I was picked up from the hospital,
他又像原來那樣亢奮了 he was his old hyper self again.
他用鼻子查看我胸部做手術的部位 He put his nose across my breast to check where the operation had been
他搖搖尾巴 眼神很高興 and he was wagging his tail and his eyes were happy.
他的改變 真難以置信 立刻的 It was unbelievable, the change in him. Instant.
我很愛麥克斯 他給予我太多太多 I love Max so much and I owe him so much.
現在我去檢查之前 都會讓麥克斯先給我檢查一下 And even before I go for a check up now, I get him to check me out.
如果他看起來很高興地搖尾巴 那麼我也會高興的 And if he's happy and wagging his tail, I am happy
我知道我沒事的 and I know I'm OK.
現在我們知道像麥克斯這樣的狗可以嗅到由腫瘤釋放出的 We now know that dogs like Max are smelling the tiny volatile chemicals
非常細微的揮發性化學物質 given off by cancerous tumours.
大部分狗都可以做到 只是它們不知道我們對此感興趣 Most dogs can do this, they just don't know that we're interested.
但只要一點點訓練 But with a little training,
狗可以非常精確地從一堆尿樣中 dogs can accurately pick out a cancerous patient
找到癌症病人的 from a selection of urine samples.
好姑娘 Good girl.
它們 比如斯蒂芬 甚至可以讓糖尿病患者 They can even be taught to let diabetics like Stephen know
知道他的血糖聞起來很低 that his blood sugar levels are smelling low
在他昏厥之前 甚至他自己都還沒感覺到的時候 long before he can feel it and definitely before he passes out.
像斯蒂芬這樣的狗在國內 Dogs like Stephen's are now transforming lives
到處改變人的生活 all over the country.
它們接受訓練 偵測危險的過敏反應 癲癇 和嗜眠症 They're being trained to detect the early warning signals
的早期警告信號 for severe allergic reactions, epileptic fits and narcolepsy.
我們的狗狗還做了很驚人的事 Our dog has also done something remarkable.
她作為一隻導盲犬不僅僅是合格而已 She's done more than just qualify to be a guide dog.
她在測試中表現非常優越 She's done so well in all her tests
導盲犬中心 that Guide Dogs For The Blind
希望她繁衍下一代 would like her to be a mother to the next generation.
她現在18個月大了 我們的小狗 我們從出生就追尋到現在的小狗 Now aged 18 months old, our puppy, who we followed from birth,
自己也要有一窩崽了 is going to have a litter of her own.
和人一樣 她也會經歷懷孕初期的晨吐 Just like a human, she may experience morning sickness
和奇怪的食物口味 and strange food cravings.
但懷孕63天之後 她就會分娩 But 63 days after conception, she'll give birth
然後循環又一次開始 and the cycle will begin all over again.
一窩新的小狗 和它們全部的潛能 來到這個世界 A new litter of dogs, with all their potential, entering the world.
我真的驚訝它對我多麼重要 真的 I'm really surprised how much she means to me, really.
我們將它們看做寵物 但其實遠不止這樣 We've always had them as a pet, but she's definitely more than that.
每次你和他們出去 你都從狗身上學到不少東西 I think every time you go out, you learn something about the dogs.
總是學到新東西 You always learn something new.
生活中有隻狗真的可以帶來太多好處了 There are so many benefits of having a dog in one's life.
怎麼推薦都不夠 I can't recommend it highly enough.
狗給我們帶來了意想不到的結果 Dogs give us an incredible amount.
我們能夠做的 就是照顧他們 愛他們 All we can ever do is look after them and love them.
在一起 我們是一起的 Together, we're a team.
狗是超級聰明 又有著驚人能力的動物 Dogs are super intelligent and have amazing powers.
我愛他 I love him.
現在我們對狗的瞭解是空前多的 We now understand dogs better than ever before.
我們越瞭解狗 就越愛他 And the more we know about our dogs, the more we love them.
所以 狗 So, dogs.
這些流口水 毛茸茸的小崽子 只對食物有興趣嗎 有些時候是的 Slobbery, hairy mutts only interested in food? Sometimes.
但更多時候 是精彩 But mostly just brilliant.